How to Take Care of Christmas Cactus Plants
A: This is a harder question to answer because it depends on the soil mix. The soil should retain moisture but should not be sopping wet. The soil should not be completely dry either because this can cause the roots to die. Soil should be well-draining but able to hold onto some moisture.
Advice For Christmas Cactus Care
Holiday cactus plants are very popular gifts. They tend to bloom around the major U.S. holidays of Thanksgiving and Christmas. If this is a new plant for you, it’s good to know how to care for a Christmas cactus. Chritstmas cactus plant care is quite a bit different from how you would maintain a classic desert cactus. A few tips will keep your blooming Christmas cactus in perfect health and producing flowers annually.
Quick Christmas Cactus Facts:
- Botanical name- Schlumbergera x buckleyi
- Height- 12 inches ( 30 cm)
- Spread- 12 inches (30 cm)
- Sun exposure- filtered light
- Soil requirements- well draining, slightly acidic
- Hardiness zones- USDA 9-11
- When to plant- fall
Christmas Cactus Care and Maintenance
Schlumbergera x buckleyi is the true Christmas cactus, but Schlumbergera truncata is also sold as a Christmas cactus. A true Christmas cactus has purple anthers and deeply pink or magenta blooms, with smoother stems. Schlumbergera truncata has more notched stems and blooms earlier, closer to Thanksgiving. There is also the Easter cactus (Rhipsalidopsis gaertneri, formerly Schlumbergera gaertneri), which blooms later.
How to Care for Christmas Cactus
Moisture is important to the health of a Christmas cactus. The plant requires frequent and thorough watering during its active growth in spring and summer, with the soil staying slightly moist. Allow the plant’s moisture levels to drop and dry out some between watering intervals, but don’t let it dry completely. Never let the Christmas cactus sit in water, as this will lead to stem and root rot. Applying a mild houseplant fertilizer solution every other week is also acceptable.
Light
Christmas cactus houseplant care requires the plant to be placed near a bright window, but one where the extreme rays of afternoon sun won’t burn it. In their native habitat these plants grow in tree branches and rock crevasses as understory plants, so in their natural environment they receive mostly filtered sunlight.
Indoors, a bright window with a sheer curtain can provide optimal light. Morning sun is ideal. Outside, the plants will thrive on the north side of the home or on the north side of a fence or other building. This will provide the light screening necessary to keep the plant from burning.
Water
Your Christmas cactus’ need for water is different from the needs of desert cactus. Unlike desert varieties, these cacti are native to areas with tropical rainfall during part of the year. When rainfall isn’t present they get moisture from dew and grow from organic matter deposits or where moss grows. Sites like these aren’t naturally moist all the time, nor are they extremely dry.
During the growing seasons of spring and summer, water the Christmas cactus enough to keep the soil moist but not soggy. Never allow the plant to sit in water. When the plant is dormant in the cooler seasons, keep it a bit drier. When it’s in dormancy and not actively growing, the plant doesn’t need as much moisture.
Temperature and Humidity
When considering how to care for Christmas cactus, keep in mind it prefers temperatures between 60 and 70 degrees F (15-21 C), with average to high humidity levels. Placing a tray of pebbles filled with water beneath the Christmas cactus container is a good way to add more humidity to the home. Avoid exposing the plant to cold drafts, unvented heaters, or rough handling. Night temperatures above 70 F (21 C) may inhibit its bud development.
This tropical plant hails from a warm climate where high humidity is present. Christmas cacti prefer 50-60 percent humidity. In home interiors this can be hard to mimic. Place the pot on a dish of pebbles with water over them. The evaporation of this water will add moisture to the ambient air without exposing the roots to excess water. Warm year round temperatures are necessary for growing this plant. Nighttime temperatures of 55-60 degrees F (13-16 C) will keep the Christmas cactus happy. During the day, the plants will tolerate average interior temperatures.
Soil
The Schlumbergera, or Christmas cactus, does not grow in special cactus soil. Instead, it needs well draining soil which retains a bit of moisture. A mixture of 1 part potting soil to 2 parts peat moss and 1 part perlite is ideal. Alternately, potting soil mixed with orchid mixture or pine bark will provide a good medium. Re-pot the plant when it’s really needed, but the cactus actually flowers best when it is pot bound.
Fertilizer
From June to August, feed your Christmas cactus plant monthly with a diluted houseplant fertilizer. In fall, as the flower buds begin to form, switch to a low nitrogen food that is higher in phosphorus and potassium. This will fuel the flower development and prompt your Christmas cactus to bloom by holiday time. The root system of the Christmas cactus is fine and shallow, and can be damaged by overfertilization. Applying a mild houseplant fertilizer to a Christmas cactus every other week is acceptable.
Problems, Pests and Bud Drop
Allowing the plant to stand in water can promote fungal diseases that could kill the roots. Outdoor Christmas cactus pests include mealy bugs, aphids and scale, but these can be gently wiped away with a soft cloth or swab dipped in alcohol.
If your beautiful Christmas cactus doesn’t produce many blossoms or it begins to drop its buds, there could be a few reasons. High temperatures in excess of 90 degrees F ( 32 C) in the fall can cause the newly forming Christmas cactus buds to drop. Or, if there has been a sudden drop in temperature, the Christmas cactus may react by dropping buds or withholding them. Try providing the plant with 13 straight hours of nighttime darkness.
How to Prune a Christmas Cactus
For the most part, Christmas cacti do not need pruning. Remove any damaged or diseased sections as they occur. Pruning a Christmas cactus back after it blooms may promote more blooms the following season. Cut sections with a sharp, sterile implement at the section joint. This will promote more branching at the cut.
Christmas Cactus Propagation and How to Plant
Christmas cacti are propagated through stem cuttings. For rooting in water, separate the length of a healthy stem you want to root and place in water.
- To root cuttings for new plants, cut back shoots from the tips at the second joint of each tip and allow the cut end to callus for a few days. Root hormone may speed up the process.
- Insert the callused end to about a quarter of its length deep into slightly sandy soil.
- Moisten it evenly, cover the potted cutting in a plastic bag.
- Place the pot in a well-lit area, avoiding direct sunlight.
- The cutting should show signs of growth within a few weeks, at which time the plant can be transferred to another container with a looser potting soil mix of compost, loam and sand.
The best Christmas cactus soil has a pH balance of 5.5 to 6.2.
Repotting a Christmas Cactus
Using the same potting mixture as the original plant, pre-moisten it so roots aren’t disturbed after potting. Christmas cacti prefer to be pot bound but they do need fresh soil every year or 2. When it is time to repot a Christmas cactus, only give it a bit more room than the canopy. To promote further branching, prune the plant back a bit prior to repotting.
How to Make a Christmas Cactus Bloom
To make a Christmas cactus flower, it needs exposure to cooler temperatures of 45 degrees F (7 C) The key is to give it bright daytime light, 13 hours of nighttime darkness, and cooler temperature exposure. September is the time to move the plant to a cooler location of the home where it will produce blooms more readily. This move will be a signal to the plant that it’s time to bloom.
After Flowering
The Christmas cactus will usually stop flowering by fall, or about six to eight weeks before the holidays when you want it to rebloom. Allow the plant to begin its dormancy cycle by cutting back on moisture and reducing both light and temperature. After blooming, these plants like shorter days and cooler nights and will resume active growth once the blossoming has finished.
Simply cut back on watering and make sure the plant receives 12-14 hours of darkness and average temperatures around 50-55 F (10-12 C). Also, keep the Christmas cactus away from drafty areas and avoid sudden changes in moisture, temperature or sunlight.
Longevity
Although we can’t prove it, experts say that Christmas cactus can live to up to 100 years if properly maintained. If your Christmas cactus gets neglected, dried up, straggly and looks to be dead, try cutting it all the way back to the soil level, and water it lightly each day. It will probably surprise you by coming back to life.
How to Take Care of Christmas Cactus Plants
Christmas cactus (Schlumbergera sp.) are popular choice this time of year for its highly colored flowers. These epiphytic cactus (plants that grow on trees) are native to South American jungles and look quite different from the desert-dwelling cactus. How to care for Christmas cactus can be different too. Here are some quick tips to keep them thriving. Visit the Garden’s shop to see the great variety of Christmas cactus available for sale this holiday season.
Q: How much sunlight does Christmas cactus need?
A: They do best in bright to medium indirect sunlight. They are not suited for direct sunlight especially during the summertime.
Q: Where is the best place to grow cactus?
A: They can be grown indoors or outside on a patio or shaded structure as long as they get the sunlight requirement listed above.
Q: How often should I water my Christmas cactus?
A: This is a harder question to answer because it depends on the soil mix. The soil should retain moisture but should not be sopping wet. The soil should not be completely dry either because this can cause the roots to die. Soil should be well-draining but able to hold onto some moisture.
Q: How long will my Christmas cactus bloom?
A: They typically begin to bloom from November through January.
Q: How can I get my Christmas cactus to bloom next year?
A: Flowers begin to form by lengthening nights and when nighttime temperatures drop below 55 degrees. It is best to move your Christmas cactus outdoors, if you cannot meet these requirements indoors. Move your Christmas cactus outdoors in the fall typically in October. However, if temperatures drop below freezing, make sure you protect and cover your cactus as freezing temperatures can kill your plant. Cooler temperatures also keep the flowers lasting longer.
Q: Why do the flower buds drop?
A: This happens from a variety of reasons including fluctuations in temperatures, roots drying out or becoming water-logged, moving the plant around and too cold temperatures.
Q: What do I do after they have flowered?
A: After they have finished flowering, they look stressed and the stems have shriveled. This is normal as they use a lot of energy to produce so many flowers. They require a rest period and they won’t grow or produce flowers. They will begin to produce new stems in spring as the temperatures rise. You can apply a slow release fertilizer at this time.
Q: Are Christmas cactus safe for pets?
A: According to the ASPCA database, they are not toxic or poisonous to cats or dogs. However, with any ornamental plant, it is best to take the best precautions to keep your pets safe.